The Searchers Film Themes Essay Example for Free

The Searchers Film Themes Essay The Searchers (1956, John Ford) investigates subjects of family, network, and ethical quality on the edge of the uncouth Western boondocks. The story happens quite a long while after the finish of the Civil War in a remote area of Texas, where the Comanche are a steady and mortal danger to the couple of pioneers on the daintily populated wilderness. The film utilizes the shows of the Western kind, however utilizes remarkable special cases to the customary segments of the class to reshape the audience’s view of the real world. The film starts with an artful culmination succession of auteur filmmaking, utilizing area, cinematography, reminiscent music, and nuanced acting to shape the audience’s view of the story’s universe. The crowd watches Ethan Edwards, an itinerant, rebel ex-warrior with an obfuscated past, coming back to the similar security and solace of his family home. His sibling is sincerely held at Ethan’s return, yet there unmistakably are implicit and quieted feelings between his brother’s spouse, Martha, and Ethan, alluding to a covered up past. In one uncovering scene of auteur style that affirms Martha and Ethan’s past, Martha takes Ethans greatcoat and secretly and affectionately overlap it and spots it in a chest. The three Edward’s kids are energized by Ethan’s return, however unmistakably don't recollect much about him. Ethan is liberal to them, giving blessings, including giving his rangers saber to his nephew, a military decoration (as adornments) to his niece, and giving his sibling a little fortune in gold, maintaining a strategic distance from his brother’s inquiries regarding how he got it. At the point when his brother’s embraced child shows up, Ethan’s attitude changes and the subject of bigotry is first presented in the story. Teenaged Marty is half-white and half-Indian and his very nearness summons a level of disdain and hatred in Ethan. This is confused when the crowd is informed that it was Ethan who found Marty as a newborn child surrendered on the boondocks and safeguarded him. When Ethan’s sibling and his better half and two of his kids are killed and the most youthful little girl captured by striking Comanche, the plot get going. Ethan promises to discover his niece and goes on a five-year pursue, with youthful Marty, to discover her. Their resulting search and friendship investigates the topic of Ethan’s disdain towards everything Indian. Conventional Westerns compare alternate extremes, typically including a hero and a detestable adversary, a decent network or gathering went after by social or social criminals. There are horse pursues, fierce gunplay, and an upbeat consummation with the lowlifess getting equity and the legends triumphant. The Searchers goes astray from a portion of these shows in manners that change the class and lift the film. While it is something of a conventional profound quality story, the hero is a dim, agonizing character, loaded with loathe, who has been offended from his family and network. The ferocity of the Monument Valley area is compared by the solace and fondness Ethan find’s in his sibling and Martha’s home. Ethan’s racial predisposition towards the local Americans is compared with his developing trust of Marty. In the end, Ethanâ even makes Marty the recipient of his will. The dramatization of the retribution plot is compared with the diversion of the wedding subplot. Maybe the best stun to the audience’s desires for the film as a kind Western comes when they understand that Ethan doesn’t intend to safeguard Debbie from the Comanche, he intends to slaughter her. Afterward, when he adjusts his perspective, it is an alleviation when the crowd sees that he has developed and has altered his perspective on murdering Debbie. The initial scene of Ethan being invited by his family in the initial scene is compared with his prohibition in the last scene. These basic and clear polarities are signs of the customary Western that have been changed by an auteur chief to make an extraordinary work of film craftsmanship. One of The Searcher’s significant deviations from the effortlessness of the customary class Western is in the intricacy of it’s cast of characters. Among these is a character that speaks to civilization’s key components of lawfulness, and religion. He’s both a Texas Ranger Captain and a Reverend named Sam Clayton (Ward Bond), and he has confused blended sentiments towards Ethan, dubious that he might be an outlaw crook, however deferential of his capacities as a warrior and frontiersman. Another key supporting character, incompletely lighthearted element, is Mose Harper (Hank Worden), who had been captured by the Comanche and faked being insane to get away. He is evidently really insane, yet is grasped and thought about by the wilderness families. He does, be that as it may, ride with the Rangers, Ethan, and Marty, to safeguard Debbie and is by all accounts a completely able individual from the force. These two characters are instances of the creative auteur contact of John Ford that lifts this film over the standard type. The Searchers reality mode is altogether different from a dream mode, for example, in The Wizard of Oz. For example, it utilizes character uniquely in contrast to Oz. While the two movies depend on portrayal to build up and advance topic, The Searchers is populated by conspicuous, reasonable class characters, where as Oz is populated by expressionistic characters, not intended to be seen as practical. Oz utilizes high contrast film and shading, sound, a colorful cast (goodness, the little individuals!) and a dream venture, while The Searchers utilizes a practical, whenever adapted, condition, bona fide characters, and other reasonable and regular kind components to recount it’s story.  We’re solicited to characterize and portray modes from screen reality, which I would characterize as the artistic control of screen time, the confining of scenes, the course of character conduct, and the deliberate art of camera and sound to make the deception of reality wherein a story unfurls. All classifications and numerous non-customary film types use recognizable authentic real factors, every one of which is such a short-hand methods for enlightening the crowd to which film equation (in the broadest sense) to anticipate. Film modes can be reality based †for example plausable, for example, Saving Private Ryan, expressionistic †for example manipulative of customary film components, for example, Psycho, dream †for example figurative, or fabulous †for example allegorical and implausable, for example, Edward Scissorhands, or true to life self-reflexive †a creation by inside rationale just, for example, Animal Crackers.

Patrol Officers

Watch Officers are not doled out a case to attempt to tackle. In most significant urban areas police divisions have enough close to home to cover each part of a wrongdoing, in any case, the job of the watch official during examinations has expanded. On page 23, in the book, under the watch official as an examiner, it makes reference to that the job of the watch official has been constrained, in any case, as time proceeds with that equivalent job appear to increment. The job of the watch official has assumed control over a portion of indistinguishable obligations from the specialists have.Such as giving prompt help to casualties, finds observer, and meetings the two casualties and witnesses. Additionally, the watch official has the position to start and complete examinations of specific groupings of wrongdoing. With the entirety of the progressions to the job of the watch official, there have been various advantages that have been seen, for example, the cases are taken care of quickly , relations inside the office have improved, resolve issues have diminished, and an expansion in the agent profitability since they have more opportunity to concentrate on prominent cases.The advantage that truly stands apart to me is the way that the specialist can truly concentrate on his case loads, since he isn't overpowered, which brings about an advantage to the network just as the whole division. The exact opposite thing a police office needs to do is give enough time for a similar wrongdoing to happen once more, making the network truly question if the police can ensure them. With wrongdoings being tackled a speedy premise, it communicates something specific, in the event that you need to do the wrongdoing, you will get captured and put in prison. The activity of a watch official is to watch a doled out region to shield the individuals from that zone from any violations that may occur.I was perusing the book and looking through on the web, I can't help thinking that the watc h official do the greater part of the leg work in settling the wrongdoing. Allow me to clarify, what I mean is that the watch officials are the muscle, and the investigators are the minds of the activity, which from numerous points of view it bode well. I am doing whatever it takes not to state that watch officials would not have the option to settle the wrongdoing, yet the standard watch official doesn't have the opportunity to run down potential suspects or witnesses, they are to caught up with watching there relegated zone and shielding those residents from future crimes.In actuality, I went online to the accompanying site, http://law. jrank. organization/pages/1655/Police-Criminal-Investigations-structure-criminal-examinations. html, and on the finish of the subsequent section, they had referenced that the watch official will proceed to make the capture, however they are not the one settling the wrongdoing. In what capacity can they? They come to work each day and watch an allot ed region, if there is a homicide that occurs or wrongdoing of any kind, there work is to round out a report and surrender it to somebody that certified or prepared to deal with those sort of crimes.As I was perusing the article on the web, it was instructive in the job of the watch official. The watch official truly doesn’t become possibly the most important factor until the second phase of an examination. The subsequent stage comprises of social event proof, capturing the guilty party and assembling observer for the wrongdoing. In numerous littler networks the job of the watch official is a lot more noteworthy chiefly in light of the fact that they might not have a criminologist on the finance, or an entire group of analysts that can come and unravel the wrongdoing, in this way, the watch official is answerable for social event enough data to attempt to comprehend the crime.The job of the watch official stops at get-together proof, and addressing observers. It isn't the dut y of the watch official to work with the arraignment; typically any analysts that have been doled out to the case will work with the indictment to unravel the wrongdoing. The objective of a watch official is to gone to the scene, inquire as to whether anybody saw anything, address all the potential observers and experience the wrongdoing scene for any proof that they may run over, and afterward they don’t get included again until there should be a capture made.Overall, I feel that watch officials being given greater duty is an advantage to the individuals of the network as well as to the office. It makes an impression on the individuals that they live in a protected spot. Which for some individuals that tad of consolation is all they should be upbeat. No one needs to live in an awful spot, or a spot they feel is perilous. Additionally, with growing the job of the watch official, this is gainful with today’s economy. I never figure you can put a cost on ensuring the ind ividuals, at the same time, the dismal the truth is that in today’s monetary occasions, we have to.To enlist a newcomer comes a value, it is only simpler for the network of the watch officials to be required to accomplish more. By and large these officials need to accomplish more to illuminate the violations to return that confidence to the network that wrongdoings will be settled immediately. Right when a wrongdoing occurs, the vast majority in a flash become frightful that it will happen once more, in this way, they become nervous, and question that the police will have the option to get the individuals that hurt them or burglarized them. With violations being comprehended immediately, that comforts the dread and tells them they are sheltered and it won't keep on happen.i was perusing ahead a slight bit and went over robbery that occurs in banks,, and how those individuals are gotten that day. For me, that quickly comforts my psyche. Quite a while back, one of the structure s I was working in, there was a robbery that occurred in the bank first floor, and each got extremely apprehensive that the criminal may at present be in the structure. They got him inside hours and he was in the structure. The thing I generally attempt to recollect, is that wrongdoing will occur, regardless of were or when, at the same time, it is the manner by which rapidly we can unravel it and reestablish that confidence in the police inside the network.

The Path to Be A Financial Planer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Path to Be A Financial Planer - Essay Example That is valid, and I don’t need to be a degenerate authority. Before I went to this school, I understood that I needed to consider something great as I should choose to pick a significant which is connected with my future profession. After much thought and interview with my folks, I at long last picked account and venture. I chose to learn business not just in view of my dad who is my venerated image as a representative, yet in addition since I trust it can offer you more significant compensations that could permit me to carry on with an agreeable life. Be that as it may, the subject of picking the major was as yet an issue to b settled. The most acquainted vocation that I know is the budgetary organizer. In secondary school, my educator Mrs. Tooth in China educated us a ton of about our majors. Obviously, I heard a great deal about my calling which I am generally inspired by. She disclosed to us the significant subject consistently give you a chance to prepare as future expert budgetary organizers in the after graduation. We can work at security organizations, insurance agencies, banks, venture warning organizations, resource the board organizations, fates organizations, finance organizations, and other money related endeavors as budgetary guides, monetary organizers, industry experts, account administrators, counter staffs, and different situations in the organization can work inside the monetary arranging process. Besides, my educator disclosed to me that it is anything but difficult to get a new line of work as an alumni who learns the fund major. Among them, I chose monetary organizer. Be that as it may, it is a s yet hard for me to choose to be a business person or a worker. At the time I picked my major, I chose to concentrate in America as it is anything but difficult to get a new line of work. At that point I effectively entered the college, and was admitted to the significant I am presently - fund and venture. Be that as it may, the expense of learning in America stunned me. Computing the expense of $477 per undergrad credit hour, I would pay $ 14,306 just in educational cost as a full time understudy,

Essay Letter Samples - How to Choose the Best One

Essay Letter Samples - How to Choose the Best OneThere are a lot of different kinds of essay letter samples that you can find. Some samples may be free, but they might not be suitable for your needs.Many online sites will provide you with free information regarding sample letter writing, but if you go to some sites where you can actually get real samples, you might find that there are many that are rather useless. You might find that the letters are very short and don't really have much content to them. But you don't want to write anything that you will later regret, so make sure that you get sample samples that you can use as the basis for your final essay.Another thing to consider is whether or not the sample letters are written by an expert. If they aren't, then it could be very easy for you to plagiarize. Some of these people might even have samples that you can use for free, but you should check the legitimacy of the samples before you decide to copy them. The best idea is to ge t the true samples, and it won't cost you much money either.There are many sites that offer samples, but there are also a few that provide all kinds of samples. Some sites will supply some basic essays, and others will give you all the materials to create your own sample letter. It really depends on what you want, but generally speaking, the more information you have, the better.Make sure that you include an introduction in your letter, since it's a good idea to help introduce yourself. Sometimes the sample will just end up with just a note, but if it has an introduction, then you'll be more likely to remember it. That's a good idea, and you'll also want to include contact information so that you can get in touch with the person to give you a call when you've finished.The last thing to consider is how you're going to format your essay on the first page. The last thing you want to do is stick out like a sore thumb. It's hard to put everything down in the first page, so make sure that you make use of the first page of your letter, and make sure that you make it easy for the reader to read. They will usually read the whole page, and if they don't find the information easy to read, then they won't finish reading the entire letter.Overall, you can use all kinds of essay letter samples. Just make sure that you're getting one that's at least a little bit better than the samples that you are being provided with.

Romantic Poetry By George Gordon Byron - 969 Words

Romantic poetry was part of the Romantic Movement in the European literature during the XVIII and XIX century. In part, the movement was a rebellion in response to the Enlightenment movement, which focused on the more scientific and rational thought, romantics set themselves in opposition to the order and rationality to embrace freedom. It could be said that romantic poetry is about the comeback of the men to the nature. Prominent characteristics of romantic poetry emphasized passion and emotion, there was a worship of nature and intense dislike for the urban life; most times, the subject of the romantic poetry was ordinary people. There was also a love for the medieval age. George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) was a famous English poet of the romantic period. As a romantic he embraced the power of the heart rather than the power of the mind. Most of his work showcased a love for nature and a desire to move closer to the world. A very famous poem from George Gordon Byron is called She Walks in Beauty. The poem is about an unnamed woman who is described as a striking woman, she is compared to many beautiful yet dark things. Byron uses a lot of contrast between light and dark, to describe her beauty. However, she is not only described as a beautiful woman, but also innocent and pure. I think what makes this a romantic poem is the reference of nature used in the description of the woman, for example â€Å"†¦She walks in beauty, like the night of cloudless climes and starry skies.†Show MoreRelatedWhen We Two Parted1428 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Final Fellow year 12 English literature enthusiasts, good morning and welcome. Before we delve into the beautiful world that is poetry, may I please ask you to close your eyes? Close your eyes, clear your mind and picture a plain white room, free of all opinion and emotion. Place your most cherished love in this room; whether it is the boy or girl you eternally adore, the best friend who you have shared and bared your soul to or the family member you have the utmost admiration towardsRead MoreEssay on analysis of She Walks in Beauty1043 Words   |  5 PagesBeauty† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lord George Gordon Byron was most notorious for his love affairs within his family and with Mediterranean boys. Since he had problems such as incest and homosexuality, he did not mind writing about his love for his cousin in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty†. Byron wrote the poem after he left his wife and England forever. Byron made his own trend of personality, the idea of the ‘Byronic Hero’. â€Å"Byron’s influence on European poetry, music, novels, operas, and paintings haveRead MoreRomantic Era Poets: Lord Byron777 Words   |  3 Pagesgoing to elaborate on how Lord Byron can be seen as one of the major Romantic poets of the Romantic era. Lord Byron was not only one of the leading Romantics in the Romantic era but he also a revered politician. He made a great literary contribution to the romantic era through poems, stories and the â€Å"Byronic Hero†. His work and life were adventurous. This only aided him in creating his li terary pieces. Lord George Gordon Noel Byron (1788-1824), better known as Lord Byron, was born, with a clubbed rightRead MorePoetry Analysis: Apostrophe to the Ocean Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagesmost renowned masterpieces of George Gordon Byron, which conveys the author’s love for nature by including his unique, romantic style of writing. As this poem is entirely dedicated to the mighty ocean, the main subject of this work is about man versus nature. George Byron also discusses his views about the industrialization; throughout the poem, he hints on the deleterious effects of human exploitations. Therefore, the poem, â€Å"Apostrophe to the Ocean,† paints George Byron’s view of the concept – manRead MoreAnalysis : She Walks In Beauty By Lord Byron1207 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry is a form of art where one can express their emotion and passion in writing. A writer can convey their thoughts about any subject in condensed forms. The interpretation is left for the reader t o decide. Poems can have many different meanings other than what the author initially made it out to be. In the poem â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† written by Lord Byron reveals his admiration for a woman by using a symbol, diction, tone, and mood. In order to comprehend Lord Byron’s poem betters, one must understandRead MoreEssay on Romantic Poetry1126 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry is a varied art form. Poetry is expression with words, using aesthetics and definition. Word choice in poetry is the single most important thing. Devices such as assonance, alliteration and rhythm work in a poem to convey a certain image or to facilitate understanding. Similes and metaphors can take two unlike objects, such as a potato and cinderblock, and if done the correct way use them to describe how Abraham Lincoln dealt with scoundrels. Poetry is beautiful. One of the best genres inRead MoreThe Imagination Of Europe By George Gordon Byron1588 Words   |  7 Pages On January 22, 1788 George Gordon Byron was born in , London, England and died April 19, 1824, Missolonghi. Though Byron was a British Romantic poet whose poetry and personality â€Å"captured the imagination of Europe† (britannica.com). He has gone through many challen ges throughout his life such as his violent childhood, his inner conflict with his sexuality, and yet was known to have influence many popular american authors. Byron was the son of Captain John Byron nicknamed â€Å" Mad Jack†Read MoreA Brief Biography of Lord Byron Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesLord Byron Biography Since the dawn of humanity, many individuals significantly impacted the world. These scholarly impacts pertain to categories such as science, mathematics, literature, politics, music, and athletics. However, of all things, literature has the most powerful influence on the global society. The achievements of literature are known to strike deeper into the hearts of people than any other intellectual creation of man. In fact, many of the most compelling works of literatureRead MoreThe Life of George Gordon Lord Byron797 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Gordon Lord Byron was a man whom people admired his works of romantic poetry and writings. Lord Byron’s lifestyle as a young boy distinguished him from others with his sexual desires. Lord Byron’s voyages and travels around the world allowed him to create different writings during his time. Also he was known for his many accomplishments throughout his short life span. George Gordon Lord Byron is to be seen as one of the most interesting poets during his era.( Note card 1 and 2) On JanuaryRead MoreEssay on The Four Periods of Literature1518 Words   |  7 Pagespioneer in the Romantic movement, and he began to move literature in a completely new direction. George Gordon, Lord Byron is another leader of the Romantic movement evidenced by his verses in She Walks in Beauty : She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes. (Byron 1-4). This verse sounds like a normal innocent verse about a beautiful lady, and it is except for the fact that the lady Byron is speaking

The End Of Art By Arthur Danto - 1658 Words

Arthur Danto was a man who knew a great deal about not only art but philosophy as well, he wrote a handful of art philosophy essays. One essay in particular made quite an impact on art as we know it today, â€Å"The End Of Art† gave many reasons to why as he thought art was coming to an end. Everything in that essay made many art critics and philosophers alike think about art and why is was coming to an end. It gives the readers many concepts to reflect on so they can understand why Danto thinks that art is coming to an end and just overall his opinions on art. Many of these concepts can be hard to grasp at on the first time around but at the same time some of them are quite easy after you sit back and play with the thoughts in your mind. Danto†¦show more content†¦He says â€Å"to the degree that we are able to replace cues and inference with equivalences to direct perception, we approach something universal and one may say nonconventional†. I believe in this sense he means that artist have use these cues and inferences to make some sort of language. Danto says â€Å"no group of artist have been more inventive in this regard than comic-strip cartoonist†. Some of the example he uses to back up this concept is how comic-strip cartoonist use â€Å"wavy lines over a fish means that it stinks†, he also brings up that how is we were to show this to any other culture that they would not know what it means. They would not know what it means because our culture is a â€Å"picture-rich culture and we have learned to do so†. So just because we know that â€Å"a saw on a log means someone is snoring†, or that a â€Å"man turning his head is represented by his head drawn in several pos itions united by some broken circles† other cultures will not understand what any of that means because they have not learned what those symbols mean. In this way Danto is saying that art is a language because only our culture understands the symbols and marks that the artist have created to fool the senses in a way. He uses the term â€Å"Fool the senses† because we are directly fooling the senses by seeing the man turning his head or the saw and the log because we are seeing those things by seeing the symbols that those represent because we have learned thoseShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Theory Of Art?1446 Words   |  6 Pages11-13-15 Danto offers three criteria that must be met for something to be an artwork. What are these criteria? What is the difficulty with the first two criteria that led him to offer the third and final criteria. What is a theory of art? Why might one think these criteria lead to a circular theory of art? Why would one be wrong in this assessment? Critics have been trying to determine what exactly the definition art is for many years now. Throughout history, identifying what was art and what wasRead MoreArthur C. Danto s The Artworld1336 Words   |  6 PagesArthur C. Danto in â€Å"The Artworld† provides us with the argument that, â€Å"To see something as art requires something that the eye cannot descry-an atmosphere of artistic theory, a knowledge of the history of art: an artworld.† Danto shows us the importance of the artworld in order to know that a work of art is more than just what we can plainly see. Danto provides two theories he calls the â€Å"IT† (Imitation theory) and the â€Å"RT† (Reality theory). With these two theories, Danto explains how we can defineRead More Art History Essay2654 Words   |  11 Pages ART __-history, __-theory, __-world (Accounting for modern art with Dickie, Danto, and Weitz) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Up until the twentieth century art theorists had consistently sought for a definition of art—a definition that would determine a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be called art. But artists in the 20th century did not want to be defined, and they deliberately tried to create artworks that would not fit under some theorist’s umbrella. We saw the BeatniksRead MoreIs it Possible to Define ‘Art’?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of art. It is one of the many definitions and theories written in answer to the question â€Å"what is art?† However, that very question implies an inhibited and essentialist answer such as â€Å"Art is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Throughout the centuries philosophers, critics and authors have attempted to edge us ever nearer to the evasive concept that is ‘art’. It is an incredibly difficult concept and practice to theorise and define, especially in the twentieth century, as it is the very essence of art, as with all creativeRead More Contemporary Art Essay2541 Words   |  11 PagesContemporary Art: Dealing with Post-Modernity − †Art worlds consist of all the people whose activities are necessary to the production of the characteristic works which that world, and perhaps others as well, define as art. †¦ By observing how an art world makes those distinctions rather than trying to make them ourselves we can understand much of what goes on in that world.... The basic unit of analysis, then, is an art world.† - Howard Becker (Art Worlds) Postmodernism deconstructs ModernismRead MoreEssay on What is Art?4193 Words   |  17 Pages Intro In late Antiquity the arts consisted of the seven artes liberales, the liberal arts: Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy, and Music. Philosophy was the mother of them all. On a lower level stood the technical arts like architecture, agriculture, painting, sculpture and other crafts. quot;Artquot; as we concieve of it today was a mere craft. Art in the Middle Ages was quot;the ape of naturequot;. And what is art today? Can we give a definition? Sir Roger PenroseRead MoreThe Work of Cindy Sherman Essay2883 Words   |  12 Pagesand those which she has created, bodies with deformities, and numbers of grotesqueries. Her work as been praised and embraced by both feminist political groups and apolitical mainstream art. Essentially, Shermans photography is part of the culture and investigation of sexual and racial identity within the visual arts since the 1970s. It has been said that, The bulk of her workÂ…has been constructed as a theater of femininity as it is formed and informed by mass cultureÂ…(her) pictures insist on theRead MoreAppropriation Of Art : Art2941 Words   |  12 Pagesyear fine art Appropriation in Art In this essay I intend to look at appropriation in art from the readymades of Duchamp right up to the latest exhibition of the Chapman brothers at the Jerwood Gallery in Hastings. Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them and that the new work re contextualises whatever it borrowed to create the new work. There has been an ongoing debate about the validity of appropriated art probablyRead MoreThe Influence Of Art On The Good And The Bad2236 Words   |  9 Pagesalso happens to be a universal idea focusing on the moral and ethical considerations that an individual who yields a certain level of power must make. This idea reins true in every aspect of life to include the vast world of art. Art is, without question, very powerful. Art has the ability to influence people and cause change in their lives in both the good and the bad. According to the Chicago Sun Times actor Bill Murray’s life was saved once by Jules Breton’s famous painting Song of a Lark. TheRead More The Moral Importance of the Beautiful in Kant Essay3952 Words   |  16 Pagesimplies between the aesthetic and the moral (in the third Critique and the Religion) are much stronger than generally portrayed by commentators. Indeed, for Kant, experience of the beautiful may be necessary in order to found what Kant views as the final end of morality — the ethical community — since human moral psychology requires embodiments of moral ideas. Finally, I seek to modify Martha Nussbaums argument in Poetic Justice (1995) for the increased use of the literary imagination as a means for improving

Protestantism in the United States free essay sample

Mainline churches share a common approach to social issus, they were always active in social causes such as civil rights moment. As a group, the mainline churches have maintained religious doctrine that stresses  social justice  and personal  salvation. Evangelicalism Evangelical Churches lively express and share they faith through gospel- (sharing the good news) in diverse ways, that includes preaching and social actions. They stand between fundamentalists and liberals. The largest concentration of Evangelicals can be found in the United States, with 28. % of population or 91. 6 million, less than a quarter of the world figure †¢ conversionism, the belief that lives need to be changed; †¢ activism, the expression of the gospel in effort; †¢ biblicism, a particular regard for the Bible; and †¢ crucicentrism, a stress on the sacrifice of Christ on the cross. The largest denominations: Baptists Baptists  are the largest Protestant grouping in the United States, and the  Southern Baptist Convention  is the largest Protestant denomination in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Protestantism in the United States or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. , with 16  million members. Pentecostalism Pentecostalism is the 2nd denomination in USA . It is a religious movement ithin Protestantism, that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the  baptism of the Holy Spirit. Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power, worship styles and teachings that were found in the  early church. Lutheranism Lutheran denomination, is the 3rd largest denomination in USA that identifies with the theology of  Martin Luther, a  German  reformer. Luthers who published 95 Theses, that speeded the idea of Protestantism. Lutherans have 4 main points I their religion: Only the Christ, Only the Bible, Faith, Grace Presbyterianism Presbyterianism  is a branch of  Protestant  Christianity  that adheres to the  Calvinist  theological tradition and whose congregations are organized according to a  Presbyterian polity. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the  sovereignty  of  God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of  grace  through faith in  Christ. Restorationism Restorationism, sometimes called Christian primitivism, refers to the belief held by various religious movements that original Christianity or the Christianity of the  Apostolic Age  should be restored. Many of them are  Nontrinitarian, that is they reject the Holy Trinity.

The theme of the wild animal and interaction between women and animals

Free Essays on My Listening Habits

While doing this listening habits paper I learned many things that I never noticed before. The good listening skill I already have acquired help out a lot when I am communicating with someone. I found it interesting that there were more than one area of weakness that I need to work on. By doing the listening habits inventory and writing this paper I was able to realize what little changes I could make to make myself a good listener and a better communicator. I find that it is difficult or impossible for me to listen when there are distractions. I believe it is hard for me to concentrate on what a person is saying whenever other people are talking loud around us or when there is loud music or any type of loud noise. I find it so difficult because I can’t devote my undivided attention to them. This is bad because if it is something really important they are trying to tell me I won’t hear everything due to the noise. I could improve this bad habit by drowning out all of the noise and focusing all of my attention on the message the sender is trying to send. When listening to others I privately criticize their delivery and personal appearance. I do this unintentionally and realize I am doing it after I have already offended someone. This is a bad habit because I can sometimes hurt someone’s feelings without meaning to. I have a habit of correcting people when I feel their speech and grammar are wrong. I also tend to be uncomfortable around individuals who come of as being unclean. They can tell by my facial expressions. I could improve this bad habit by looking past the sender’s physical appearance and their poor ability to speak well. I pretend that I am listening when I am not. If a senders is trying to deliver a message that I don’t care to hear about I still pretend I am listening to be respectful towards their feelings. I will sometimes repeat the last thing they say so they will think I am listening. I tr... Free Essays on My Listening Habits Free Essays on My Listening Habits While doing this listening habits paper I learned many things that I never noticed before. The good listening skill I already have acquired help out a lot when I am communicating with someone. I found it interesting that there were more than one area of weakness that I need to work on. By doing the listening habits inventory and writing this paper I was able to realize what little changes I could make to make myself a good listener and a better communicator. I find that it is difficult or impossible for me to listen when there are distractions. I believe it is hard for me to concentrate on what a person is saying whenever other people are talking loud around us or when there is loud music or any type of loud noise. I find it so difficult because I can’t devote my undivided attention to them. This is bad because if it is something really important they are trying to tell me I won’t hear everything due to the noise. I could improve this bad habit by drowning out all of the noise and focusing all of my attention on the message the sender is trying to send. When listening to others I privately criticize their delivery and personal appearance. I do this unintentionally and realize I am doing it after I have already offended someone. This is a bad habit because I can sometimes hurt someone’s feelings without meaning to. I have a habit of correcting people when I feel their speech and grammar are wrong. I also tend to be uncomfortable around individuals who come of as being unclean. They can tell by my facial expressions. I could improve this bad habit by looking past the sender’s physical appearance and their poor ability to speak well. I pretend that I am listening when I am not. If a senders is trying to deliver a message that I don’t care to hear about I still pretend I am listening to be respectful towards their feelings. I will sometimes repeat the last thing they say so they will think I am listening. I tr...

Aravind Eye Hospital Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aravind Eye Hospital - Case Study Example Though faced with challenges, it surpasses every expectation of quality, responsiveness and dedication by the people involved (Rangan 1993). Question 1 It is pretty much obvious that Aravind Eye Hospital had been successful so far in what was envisioned as its mission and objective. Dr. V was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and Sri Aurobindo which propelled him to come up with an eye hospital delivering quality eye care at reasonable rates. The success of any mission can be attributed to two factors- the commitment and influence of the initiator of the idea and the people who help realizing the process through their tasks, activities and efforts. In this light, Dr. V’s role can be considered to be of a leader and guide and practicing what he preaches. Even after suffering from acute arthritis, he continued performing eye surgeries which demonstrates his zeal and interest to serve the society and this only infuses the needed motivation in his staff. His involvement in the registrati on process, trying to further the concept of the hospital to other far off regions and willingness to reach every nook and corner of the world in eliminating blindness demonstrates clear leadership and envisioning abilities of Dr. V which is the cornerstone to the hospital’s success. ... Question 2 The quality of service at both the free and the paying hospital exceed expectations. With qualified surgeons, trained nurses, imported and state-of-the-art equipments and involved customer service count for the unimaginable success level of the hospital. Though price feature remains a distinguishing factor of quality between the free and the paying hospital, yet instances of higher variation seemed less. The complete process of testing and screening is similar in both the facilities. Moreover, shifts of nurses and staff are rotated in both the free and paying hospital so that no discrimination in quality or care giving can be made. Regular training sessions for staff and visits from qualified ophthalmologists and professionals further identifies any discrepancies in the hospital processes and eliminates chances of quality defects. Especially at free hospital, high quality is obvious from the fact that nurses and attendants manage the crowd and answer to the queries of poor villagers which is more like comforting them and make them feel at home which is the biggest instance of quality service. Informal chit-chat at operation table removes anxiety of the patient which again proves the dexterity of Aravind surgeons and staff in attending to even the minutest details which actually comfort nervous patients and count towards quality care. Currently, only family members of Dr. V are involved in the entire hospital management which is in some or the other way limiting the scope and expertise level of the hospital. This should be done away with by recruiting other competent and qualified professionals from other regions and sectors. Question 3 The satellites hospitals of Aravind are

The value and impact of information technology investments and the Thesis

The value and impact of information technology investments and the implications of those investements for effective management of the information systems organization - Thesis Example It has been concluded after performing this research that the technological resources are allocated by investing in the field of the information technology. Different firms which are existing and running business want to improve their operations and working systems of the business. Hence the impacts which are measured after the implementation of these technological advancements are known as the intangible benefits. These initiatives are increasing more in the developing countries which is discussed in detail in the report. This factor contributes in the overall economical performance of the organization as well as to the country. Moreover it is beneficial for the competition also. There are several reasons which are present in the thesis for which organization wants to improve the overall operations or few departments with the help of information technology investment. The value that is achieved by the use of IT is also described in paper for having a clear idea about the advantages and uses of these types of investments. The paper concludes with in-depth analysis of the framework discussed and provides some options which can be implemented in organizations looking for IT advancement. Technological advancements in every field are necessary and should be used by organizations striving for their development. Every organization whether big or small needs to be updated and want to invest more in the field of information technology. Every organization works specifically on improving their operations and processes with the help of latest information technology techniques and processes. Large companies focus more on these types of investments in order to get the maximum output from its operations and to earn more revenues.

Jung’s Unconscious Mind Essay Example for Free

Jung’s Unconscious Mind Essay In his description and explanation of the fourth dimension of the unconscious mind, Carl Jung uses an example involving one of his patients to justify his addition of the collective unconscious as the fourth part of Freud’s unconscious mind. His patient had successfully completed the psychoanalytic process of transference but was still not cured. This was the end of the process of psychoanalytic transference developed and practiced by Sigmund Freud. This led Jung to believe that the unconscious consisted of more than the components of repression, as was believed by Freud. If what she had been repressing had been discovered and was now being embraced in her conscious mind, her condition should have improved according to Freud’s theory. Her condition had not improved thus, Jung felt that there must be more. Jung began to look to her dreams, which he believed to be essentially photos of the unconscious mind at work. He found patterns that appeared ideal to and should have allowed psychoanalytic transference to function sufficiently. Despite her achievement of transference, the woman was still not well. He continued to observe her dreams. She had likened him, the doctor, to an amalgamation of her father and a lover who embodied the admirable traits of her father just as the process would call for. This should have led to her cure but it did not. Due to the fact she had not yet improved, he continued to observe her dreams until one day, he realized that she had likened him not just to the amalgamation of father and lover but, to a more divine figure. Though she was not a religious person, he figured that she had a â€Å"longing for a god†¦ welling up from our deepest darkest instinctual nature (Jung, 492). Her problem was not one of repressed feelings but a longing for something higher to guide and protect her. Possibly in the time that her father was alive, he was able to serve that purpose. With him gone, the urge regained influence. The urge was not one of conscious mind. It was an attempt to replace the Christian faith she had abandoned with something real. She likened the doctor to a god and because she knew her relationship with the doctor to be intimate, it helped her to feel closer to god. Freud’s definition of the unconscious mind included only things that had once been present in the conscious mind. The patient had never encountered the symbolic, ancient deities that were represented by the father figure of her dreams. There was a demand for more content in the definition of the unconscious mind. This psychological phenomenon has affected my attitude toward religion as well. I, like the patient in this case, abandoned my Christian upbringing for a more agnostic and eclectic practice. It is no doubt that there is such an instinctual nature to attempt to define and relate to the divine. It may be observed in the fact that people of all cultures, in all parts of the world have some type of religious belief and practice. There are many different types. The proof lies in their existence alone. Though they may vary in many ways, they are all a result of this passion which wells up from the deepest, darkest part of our beings. Of course, religion today has become part of our experience. During our childhood, we are introduced to religion by our parents. The proof of the unconscious mind’s longing is in the founders of these religions. These people had a passion that drove them to do more than they were required. The feelings of hunger, thirst and cold required them to hunt and seek shelter. These actions were result based purely of an experiential nature. Some of these people were good at what they had to do and were able to live more or less comfortably. Their minds had the leisure to allow the unconscious mind to play during their dreams. Given the chance, the unconscious mind played with the images of the divine. It drew from the collective unconscious of archetypal imagery. It gave them hints that there was more to what could be seen. It offered images of things good and offered means of achieving them. These men, these dreamers, acted out their dreams. They paid homage to what their intuitions, their unconscious minds, had shown them. They performed rituals imitating creatures not of this world. They went into trances and allowed themselves to be controlled completely by the unconscious mind. They performed the first rituals. They allowed their unconscious desires to dictate their actions. For these men, religion was intuitive. Now, we get the religious experience with its images and concepts, fed to us in a spoon with our mashed carrots. For us, we are conditioned into religion. I have always been more of a nonconformist. When I became old enough to question why, to critically examine more abstract concepts, to use my experiences of reality as a gage against what I was being told, I stepped out of conformity. At that point, I was antichristian. Free of the dogmas and the shelters they provided, my unconscious mind sought some sort of nourishment to quench the thirst for the fulfillment of spiritual energies. Off of the path, I soon found myself lost. So what did I do? I did what came natural. I delved into other religions. I began to study Buddhist teachings. I studied the Shinto practiced in Japan. I learned about the caste system of Indian culture. Why all this? I suppose that I needed to. I had taken out a part of my life and needed to fill it back in. I had taken away the food for my spiritual appetite. I broke my relationship to the divine. I was discontent with no place to release my spiritual energies. However, this was not a conscious decision. Outside of the Christian tradition within which I was brought up, I felt the genuine need for fulfillment of divine nature. For something bigger than myself and bigger than mankind as a whole. No one told me I had to find a proper outlet for spiritual energies. I was driven by an unknown force, a curiosity that masked a deeper desire to relate to the divine. I wandered. I stumbled. I tripped, fell, got back up and tripped again. Masked as curiosity, the passion of my unconscious mind has driven me to explore different methods. I have thumbed through religious books from all over the world. I attend religious ceremonies and festivals of different origin. My unconscious mind has created this curiosity in order to fulfill its own desire to be a part of and to be connected to something greater. I have abandoned my antichristian post now. I now exist outside of Christianity and am able to gaze upon it as an objective observer. I agree with many Christian principles. I agree with them though, on my own terms, in my own understanding. I stepped away from the religion to which I had been conditioned. I explored others as was deemed necessary by my curiosities and I have found some things that I believe to be true, some things that make me feel closer to the divine. The unconscious includes the ego, the superego, and the id. Unwanted memories are pushed into the unconscious mind to be put aside. They can cause many ailments when not properly discarded. These ailments may be alleviated by methods such as psychoanalytical transference. However, even after complete transference has been completed, there is still activity taking place in the unconscious mind. It is not limited to repression. Also dwelling in the subconscious mind is a collective consciousness composed of archetypal images and instincts. This is responsible for the imagery of our dreams, the universal perceptions of beauty and the desire to be somehow linked to the divine. I have seen it in my life and I have evidence of it in the fact that religion is present and dominates nearly every society around the globe.

Standardized Test Scores and Their Use in College Admissions Decisions

Standardized Test Scores and their use in College Admissions Decisions PURPOSE The purpose of this proposal is to examine current and future Iowa State University admissions decisions processes. At the present time most colleges, including Iowa State use a combination of standardized test scores, high school class rank, high school grade point average, and essays to make decisions on admissions. All of the above are good determinants of a student’s possible success in college, except standardized test scores. Standardized tests discriminate against minorities and are not a good overall indicator of a student’s potential. For these reasons and others, Iowa State should not use standardized test scores when making admissions decisions. BACKGROUND Since America’s college system began, someone has had the responsibility of deciding who gets into a college and who does not. Colleges and universities must draw the line somewhere as to who has the opportunity to become more educated and who gets a full-time job at McDonald’s. This decision-making process has always been a difficult job and has become even more difficult in recent years as competition in higher education gets tougher. College admissions departments have come up with a system which combines indicators such as standardized test scores, high school class rank, grade point average, and essays. Different schools put different amounts of emphasis on these gauges but most use some mixture of them. In recent years many schools have begun to put more emphasis on standardized test scores. Almost all college bound students now take entrance exams like the ACT or SAT. These tests supposedly indicate how "smart" a student is and how successful they would be in colle... ...f schools, ranging from small liberal arts colleges to large public universities, have made the switch. Most report many benefits with "no drop-off in the academic quality of their applicants" (FairTest). Colleges and universities could make this decision for themselves or the change could come thorough a statewide policy. For example in Texas, starting in 1998, students applying to public universities who were in the top 10 percent of their graduating high school class, do not have to take the ACT or SAT (State Colleges). A policy such as this is another example of a possible way to emphasize high school achievement rather than test scores. The no standardized test policy should be implemented at Iowa State University as soon as possible. Beginning with the incoming freshman class of 2001, standardized tests should not be used as a tool in admissions decisions.

Discuss the meaning of justice Essay

Critically analyse the extent to which the law is successful in achieving justice, and discuss the difficulties which is faces in seeking to do so. (30 marks + 5 AO3) Justice is central to our law. Most would agree the law should be just, but justice is not easy to define. The concept has been studied by many philosophers all of whom have their own theories of what a just society should be. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, was born 384 years before Christ (BC). He separated justice into two parts – distributive justice and corrective justice. Distributive justice is concerned with the fair distribution of society’s wealth. He went onto say that this wealth should be spread according to merit and an individual’s contributions into society. So this system relies on giving to those who have contributed in some way rather than to those who are needy. Aristotle said that distribution on the basis of people needs merely rewards the lazy and so would be unjust. Correctiv e justice he said, is needed to ensure that individuals can keep their entitlements. He believed that if someone is to steal from another the court should ensure that the offender does not gain and the victim does not lose out. This idea can still be seen in areas of law such as compensatory damages for negligence. Aristotle also had other controversial views. He believed that people where either suited by nature to be slaves or masters and this was seen by a matter of fit. He thought that children who were born into families of slaves were suited to carry out that role. Aristotle also believed that women where inferior to men as they are ‘colder’ and lack the ability to produce semen and so he viewed them as ‘infertile men’. He went onto say that women belong in the home and should be ruled by men who were superior. Our law today prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex so these ideas are no longer acceptable to us. Thomas Aquinas, born in 1225, was a theologian who also believed in distributive justice, but said that our society’s wealth should not be distributed just by merit, but also by rank and need – he stressed our moral obligation to look after the poor. Read more:  Justice Denied is Justice Delayed Essay Karl Marx, born in 1818, is widely regarded as the founder of communism. Marx developed a very different model of distributive justice which can be understood from his words ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his need’. This requires that each should maximise their contribution to society by exercising full use of their abilities and secondly, each should receive in accordance with  need, regardless of what they have contributed. But if people are automatically given what they need, will they be motivated to work hard? Not only this, but how do we accurately determine what someone needs? Bentham, widely known for his development of the utilitarian approach to justice, said that maximising happiness is the object of justice. Utilitarianism is based on the doctrine that all actions should be judged in terms of their utility in promoting the greatest happiness for the largest number of people. John Stuart Mill, a 19th century liberal supported Benth am in his work of utilitarianism. He said that actions are right ‘in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness’. But unlike Bentham, Mill concentrated on the quality of happiness rather than merely the quantity of people who are happy. He also went onto say that justice ‘includes respect for people, for property and for rights, as well as the need for good faith and impartiality’. But the concept of utilitarianism can be heavily criticised. The greater good will not benefit the minority groups and ignores the feelings of individuals, as satisfying those needs may sacrifice happiness for the greater good. Under utilitarianism, torturing one person, even if it turns out that the person is not to blame, as an attempt to save the lives of others is considered to be just which some would consider morally wrong. So the expense of one innocent person or a minority group would justify the happiness of a greater number. John Rawls (1921-2002) was a professor of political philosophy at Harvard and set out in his book ‘Theory of Justice’ the concept of social justice. Rawls said that a just society is one in which rational people would choose to live if covered by a ‘veil of ignorance’. This meant without any bias towards their own situation i.e. their wealth, age, social class, gender, health intelligence and every aspect of their life. He said there are two basic principles of justice that would be chosen under these circumstances. Firstly, the principle of liberty, i.e. the maximum possible liberty for all. And secondly the principle of difference which says that goods should be distributed equally except where unequal distribution benefits those who are least advantaged. He also said they would choose equality of opportunities for social advancement which differs from Aristotle’s idea of people being born into or fitted to certain roles. Robert Nozick was a Harvard colleague of Rawls and developed an entitlement  theory of justice which had three elements. 1) A principle of justice in acquisition, dealing with how property is initially acquired. 2) A principle of justice in transfer, dealing with how a property can change hands. 3) A principle of rectif ication of injustice, dealing with injustices arising from the acquisition or transfer of property under then two principles above. This third principle, he said, would not be required if the world was entirely just. He said that where a person gains property in accordance with the principles of acquisition and transfer, they are therefore entitled to keep the property. But where people gain property due to wrong doing i.e. fraud or theft the third principle provides a remedy. Nozick’s ideas are consistent with right wing conservatism, but are diametrically opposed to the ideas of Marx. The term law can be defined as ‘the principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, whether in the form of legislation or of custom of the police, recognized and enforced by judicial decision’. Justice on the other hand is not as easy to define as we have discovered people have very different views of what a just society is, but I think we would all agree that the law should attempt to achieve justice as best it can. This view was expressed strongly by Lord Denning who said that law should always strive to achieve justice. He said that ‘the proper role of the judge is to do justice between the parties before him. If there is any rule of law which impairs the doing of justice, then it is the province of the judge to do all he legitimately can to avoid the rule or even change it so as to do justice’. But others views are slightly more restrictive. For example Sir Robert Megarry had said that it is the judge’s role to administer justice ‘according to the law’. But we have seen this will not always give a just result. Emily Andrews had told the police that she was repeatedly raped by her husband, but later withdrew the accusation because of great family pressure. She was then jailed for 8 months for perverting the course of justice and her guilty husband was able to walk free. After spending 18 days in prison her prison sentence was finally overturned by Lord Judge. She is now struggling to gain custody of her four young children. Lord Judge said ‘this is an exceptional case and we hope that it will be very exceptional for cases of this kind to be prosecuted to conviction in the Crown Courts’. So it seems as if Lord Judge was saying she should not have been prosecuted, but it would have been  a very bold person to not have imposed charges because the law is very clear. So this example clearly shows that justice cannot always be achieved by following the law. Justice is often sub divided into procedural and substantive justice. Procedural justice refers to the idea of fairness in the processes of legal proceedings, whereas substantive justice is justice in the content of the law. One aspect of procedural justice is natural justice which has two basic principles. The first is the rules against bias (nemo iudex in causa sua). In the case of Rv Bingham Exparte Jowitt the defendant was on trial for a speeding offence, and his evidence was contradictory with that of the police officer’s. The magistrate said ‘my principle in such cases has always been to believe the evidence of the police officer’. This shows bias, and so it was not considered to be a fair trial – judges must be impartial. It was said by Lord Denning in Metropolitan Properties Ltd v Lannon that ‘justice must be rooted in confidence, and confidence is destroyed when right-minded people go away thinking: the judge was biased’. It also means that where a decision maker i.e. a judge has a connection with a part y or a witness they should stand down. In Re Pinochet Lord Hoffman should have done just that. Amnesty international gave evidence against Pinochet. Lord Hoffman was a non-executive direct of Amnesty so he had an undeclared link to the case. There had to be a second rehearing so justice was seen to be done. The second basic principle of natural law is the right to a fair hearing – the right to be heard (audi alteram partem). Both parties’ cases must always be put forward. This is illustrated in the case Re A where it involved a decision whether conjoined twins should be separated which would end the life of the weaker twin. Although the twins could not speak for themselves, both were represented at the trial. It also includes that a person should be given adequate prior notice of charges or allegations and a reasonable opportunity to put together his or her case. In R v Thames Magistrates’ Court ex parte Polemis a sea captain was not given adequate time to prepare his evidence for the case. He received his summons at 10.30am and the trial was heard that day at 4pm. Another difficulty in achieving justice is m oney. Although the legal aid budget is  £2 billion, legal aid was already very restrictive in civil cases. It is not available for personal injury cases so they usually run on a no win – no fee basis which means that  solicitors will only accept cases that they think are very likely to win. This means that a lot of personal injury cases will go unheard because of lacking representation. Not only this, but the current legal aid bill makes very severe cuts to legal aid.  £350 million will be cut from family and civil cases which will impact on the poorest in our society like those who are on benefits. Also legal aid will no longer be available for debt advice, benefit advice or housing. This means that more people will be forced to represent themselves at trial which will make trials much longer and less efficient therefore ultimately more expensive. It has also been proposed that legal aid is removed from medical negligence. This means that again, people will have to rely on a no win – no fee basis. So a lot of cases won’t reach court as solicitors will only take on cases that have a very high chance of winning. As a result of this, badly injured people will remain uncompensated. It is also important that rules of evidence are strictly followed to ensure that justice is served. After there has been a crime, especially if it is a high profile case, there is often a lot of pressure on the police to secure a conviction. This pressure may sometimes lead to unlawful behaviour in the way evidence is obtained. An example of this can be seen from the case of Paul Blackburn who was charged with the attempted murder and sexual assault of a nine year old boy at the age of 15. Paul Blackburn served his 25 year sentence and not until 2 years after he was released was it found that he was actually wrongfully convicted. The entire case against Blackburn rested on a confession he had handwritten, after more than four hours of intense interrogation. He finally gave into the two detectives and wrote a statement which was, he says, effectively dictated to him by the detectives. He said ‘they even helped me spell the words I didn’t know. My writing was quite basic at the time’. At the appeal in 2005 the three appeal judges heard expert testimony which questioned how a 15 year old, poor educated boy could have written a document which was punctuated and included technical terms, all of which spelt correctly. So it wasn’t until the 25th of May 2005, 28 years after the conviction that Paul Blackburn was finally acquitted. Some may argue that now Blackburn has been found to be not guilty at appeal, justice has finally been served. But 25 years of imprisonment down the line, not to mention the actual criminal walking free, can we really say justice has been served? Paul Blackburn is  now described as ‘an emotionally shattered man’. Another difficulty in achieving justice is unreliable expert evidence. When someone is up at the stand and introduces themselves as for example Professor Sir Roy Meadows a member of the general medical council the jury are likely to believe what they say. So in some way it must be checked upon that this evidence is reliable before it sways the decision of a jury in a serious criminal trial. An example of how unreliable expert evidence can affect a trial can be seen from the case of Sally Clark. Sally Clark was convicted for the murder of her two sons in 1999 and sentenced to life imprisonment even though she insisted it was caused by cot death. After spending more than 3 years in prison she was released in January 2003 after expert evidence given at the trial by Professor Sir Roy Meadow, a paediatrician, was discredited. During the trial he had said that the chance of having two cot-deaths in one family was 1 in 73 million, which undoubtedly and understandably lead the jury to convict. This evidence given by Sir Roy Meadow also lead to the conviction of Angela Canning who was sentenced to life imprisonment in April 2002 for the murder of her two children which she insisted was caused by cot death. He had said that one cot death in a family was unfortunate, two was suspicious and three was murder. After 20 months in prison Canning was released in December 2003. Her case was re-opened after an investigation found three previous cot deaths in the family, suggesting a genetic cause. After investigation it was actually found that Sir Roy Meadow’s evidence had no statistical basis and ‘grossly misinterpreted the chance of two sudden deaths with in a family’ so Sally Clark and Angela Canning’s convictions were overturned. These two cases show the power and the effects of expert evidence given at a trial. I think that it is important for future cases that expert evidence is checked upon for its reliability to prevent more horrific miscarriages of justice like the cases of Angela Canning and Sally Clark. And in fact the Law Commission want to do just that. Their report in 2009: ‘The Admissibility of Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in England and Wales’ said that expert evidence’s reliability should be assessed by the trial judges, their recent report published in 2011: ‘Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceedings’ makes recommendations to the original in light of the comments they have received. The repo rt proposes that there should be special statutory admissibility test for expert opinion evidence. However the courts will only apply the test if it appears that the evidence might be insufficiently reliable to be admitted. They also said that there should be a single list of criteria to help the trial judges apply the test. And finally that the party seeking to rely on the expert evidence should bear the burden of proof in demonstrating its reliability, even if that party is the accused. These proposals where agreed in February 2011 and I think would ensure a much fairer law on the admissibility of expert evidence and will help us to achieve justice in future criminal cases. Corrective justice is an aspect of procedural justice which involves rectifying mistakes. One way in which mistakes can be rectified in our law can be seen from our appeal system. Originally in our appeal system, a retrial was not permitted if the defendant was acquitted but the appeal system has now broadened and gives the prosecution a right of appeal against an acquittal if there is ‘new and compelli ng evidence’: Criminal Justice Act 2003 (part 10). For example in Rv Dunlop the defendant confessed to a police officer that he had murdered Julie Hogg in 1991 but as he had already been acquitted in 1989 so no further action could be taken. This meant that in 2006 Dunlop was retried and was convicted of murder. Another way in which our law seeks to ‘correct’ justice can be seen from the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) which was set up in March 1997 by the Criminal Appeal Act 1995. It is an independent and impartial body that reviews the convictions of people who have been found, they think, wrongfully convicted or harshly sentenced and refers the appropriate cases to the appeal courts. The CCRC have had over 1,300 applications, 320 of which have been re-heard and the convictions quashed. An example of such is Rv Andrew Adams. The defendant was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment on the 18th of May 1993. The defendants appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal Criminal Division in January 1998. The CCRC referred the case to the courts in 2005 on the basis that there was incompetent defence representation, material non-disclosure by the prosecution, errors in the summing-up and that the jury had received inadmissible evidence concerning the appellant’s bad character. An appeal was granted and at the trial, finally, after spending 14 years in prison, on the 12th of January 2007 the defendant’s conviction of murder was quashed. It could argued that because Andrews was convicted of murder and spent 14 years in prison, justice was not fully achieved for him. But at least  because of the CCRC he is now a free and proven to be innocent man. I do think that the CCRC do well to help us achieve justice in our society, but there are mixed opi nions about the body. It has been found that every year the CCRC reject 97% of applications from individuals who claim they have been wrongfully convicted. Professor Michael Zander a member of the Runciman Royal Commission which recommended the setting of the body after cases the Birmingham Six, Guilford 4 and Maguire Seven, all of whom were wrongfully convicted. Zander believes that the CCRC need to use a little known power to refer cases to the court of appeal even when no new evidence has been uncovered, if there is serious doubt about the conviction. ‘They could use this power more’ says Zander. He also went onto say that ‘innocent people are in the greatest difficulties once they have been convicted. It is not always the case that something new can be found, even with the best will in the world and all the investigations that can be mustered’. He has also criticised the body for its overreliance on paper analysis of evidence and for not actually visiting the individuals in prison which is something that the Royal Commission had recommended. Also the body will only refer cases where they think there is a â €˜real possibility’ that the conviction will be overturned on referral to the court of appeal. But many have said that this is too restrictively interpreted by the CCRC. 45 cases listed by campaigners as having ‘plausible claims’ of innocence have been turned down by the body. So although the CCRC have been successful in overturning the convictions of some innocent people, there is still a long way to go. Just 3% of applications to the body are referred to the appeal court. So although the body is succeeding to help a small number of people who have been wrongfully convicted, which of course should be commended, there may still be a large of number of those who are not guilty whose cases are bit referred. Substantive justice is justice in the content of the law. Does the way we set out our law achieve justice as best it can? The law of murder is regularly criticised for being unjust as you can be guilty of murder with intending to kill or surprisingly, intending to cause serious harm, without knowing any risk of death (Vickers), both of course receiving the mandat ory life sentence. It seems unjust and extremely unfair, that a man who only intends serious harm and a man who sets out to kill are put in the same category of crime and both receive the same mandatory life sentence. In 2006  the Law Commission proposed that murder should be sub-divided into two categories. The first would be called ‘first degree murder’ and would cover defendants who intended to kill. And the second category would be called ‘second degree murder’ which would cover defendants who intended serious harm but were not aware there was a risk of death. By separating the offence, only defendants convicted of first degree murder would receive the mandatory life sentence and second degree murder would allow the judge discretion in sentencing. I think these proposals ensure a fairer law on murder and would help justice to be achieved. To conclude, I don’t think that anyone could say honestly, that we have a legal system that ensures that justice is always achieved, however much we aim to promote it. But I don’t actually believe that a law can ever be drafted that ensures justice for every individual. Even now, when wrongfully convicted people like the Birmingham Six, Paul Blackburn, Sally Clark and Angela Canning walk free, their lives are changed forever always hindered by the effects of a convicted of murder, justice doesn’t quite seem to be the word. It may be possible that someone is able to create a legal system that they believe will always achieve justice, but as we have seen people have very different ideas of a just society, so it is impossible that everybody’s needs are met. For our legal system to achieve justice, all members of that system have to be fair, unprejudiced and free from corruption, which we have seen is not always the case. The detectives who questioned Paul Blackburn, then a 15-year-old boy for over 4 hours and forced a conviction out of him, dictating the words for him to write in his statement were most definitely not fair. How can we ensure that every single person who in some way affects the course of justice is impartial, unbiased and honest? How can we ensure that a judge, an influential and important part of any trial is fair and non-discriminatory? Former Law Lord Tom Bingham said that perfect justice is an unattainable ideal. He said ‘a time is unlikely to come when anyone will ever be able to say that perfect fairness has been achieved once and for all, and in retrospect most legal systems operating today will be judged to be defect not yet recognized’. Unfortunately I think that these realistic words run true and although we can do everything possible to strive to achieve a just society, it will only ever be an unattainable ideal.

Coffee House Ethnography Starbucks On Grand Avenue, New...

Marinella Mallare Professor DeLeon Anthropology 101 27 March 2016 Coffee House Ethnography My observations of human behavior were made at Starbucks on Grand avenue, New York near Elmhurst. I chose this location due to the high customer traffic that it sees. Since it is a popular coffee shop, the customer base cuts across different multicultural sector of the population. There is a lot of variety in the backgrounds and personalities of the people visiting the shop. This quality makes any patterns that are recognized more representative of the general public. After purchasing a drink I settled down to the left of the shop just by the window from this location, I observed several rituals through watching interactions and general behavior. My vantage point of view proved useful in the first trip so it was used for observation in subsequent visits as well. I also obtained information by interviewing an informant. The informant is an employee at the coffee shop: a barista who works mainly in the morning shift. The barista has been an employee at this par ticular Starbucks for three months. According to the informant, having been on duty during the early morning rush has provided sufficient material, which they have used to observe customer behavior, maybe for business strategy. In addition to these field observation, I made use of published material, specifically articles from scholarly journals. These included â€Å"Product-class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes† byShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: